> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://privy-labs.gitbook.io/privy-labs-protocol-whitepaper-v-1.0/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://privy-labs.gitbook.io/privy-labs-protocol-whitepaper-v-1.0/the-core-technology/systems-overview/virtual-account-system/gas.md).

# Gas

As state-changing blockchain operations inherently require gas (a mechanism to ensure someone gets rewarded for processing a decentralized function), a fee paid in cryptocurrency, this fundamentally locks out a majority of users who are accustomed to immediately using a centralized application without cost. We utilize delegate operators (in a manner similar to [OpenGSN](https://docs.opengsn.org/)’s network); users feelessly sign a meta-transaction and relay that to an operator address that can execute the relayed transaction, paying the gas for the user.

With the codification and ongoing incremental security audit of [EIP-4337](https://blog.openzeppelin.com/eip-4337-ethereum-account-abstraction-incremental-audit/) (to be included in the Ethereum core consensus mechanism with issues resolved), we anticipate the inclusion of these patterns to further abstract account creation friction away from the user and general populace.

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